Stroke. Every rev, the piston needs to travel 87.2mm down the bore, then 87.2mm back up it.
In an F1 engine, it only needs to go about 40mm in each direction, so for each rev, it's going under half the distance, so it can spin twice as fast and the speed of the piston will still be lower.
Why does it matter?
When you go from the max piston speed on the up stroke, to 0 at TDC, then back to max speed on the down stroke, you have an acceleration. Imagine going from 110mph to 0 then back to 110mph in the opposite direction in the space of 44mm.
It's about 5200G in a B18 at 9000rpm. Add a mass to that acceleration and you have a force. B18 pistons are 305g, so at 5200G that's 1600kgf load on the rods and wrist pin at TDC.
That's an absolute **** load. At 10k, it would be knocking on 2000kgf.
An F1 piston weighs about 200g. The acceleration is about 9000G, which gives 1800kgf.
Puts it into perspective a little I find...